How to Prepare Spherical Titanium Powder

(How to Prepare Spherical Titanium Powder)

As an advanced lightweight and high-strength metal material, titanium has the
advantages of high specific strength, low density, excellent corrosion
resistance and good biocompatibility. It is widely used in aerospace, automobile
industry, chemical industry, biomedical and other fields. High-performance
spherical titanium powder has the characteristics of high sphericity, good
fluidity, high loose density, low oxygen content (<0.15%) and fine particle
size. It is mainly used in advanced powder metallurgy technology, laser additive
manufacturing technology, and thermal spraying technology.

At present, the main processes for preparing spherical titanium powder include gas atomization, plasma rotating electrode method, and radio frequency
plasma spheroidization.

Preparation of Spherical Titanium Powder by Gas Atomization

The gas atomization method is currently a more mature industrialized method
for preparing titanium powder. It uses high-speed airflow to break the metal
stream. Because this method only needs to overcome the bonding force between the
liquid metal atoms to make it dispersed, Has a good economy. The gas atomization
method is a method that uses high-speed inert gas to atomize the titanium metal
liquid, which is crushed and solidified to obtain spherical titanium powder. The
gas atomization method has the characteristics of low cost, high production
efficiency, high sphericity of titanium powder, low oxygen content and low
environmental pollution. The powder suitable for injection molding has only a
small proportion of particle size.

Preparation of Spherical Titanium Powder by Plasma Rotating Electrode
Method

The metal or alloy is made into a consumable electrode. The end of the
electrode is heated by an electric arc and melted into a liquid. The centrifugal
force of the high-speed rotation of the electrode throws the liquid out and
smashes it into fine droplets, and finally condenses it into a powder.

The plasma rotating electrode method has the following advantages: high
powder purity, no pollution, low oxygen content, simple process; long
spheroidization time of metal droplets, high powder sphericity, narrow particle
size distribution, and high fine powder yield; Compared with atomization, the
plasma rotating electrode method does not require high-speed gas flow, thus
avoiding hollow powder produced by the "umbrella effect". However, this method
has limitations: the electrode rod must be made into a rod of a specific size,
and the cost is high; the electrode rod is fixed-length, so the continuity of
atomization cannot be guaranteed, and the atomization efficiency is low; the
electrode speed is fast and high-speed The shaft is easy to wear during the
rotation, so how to maintain the vacuum tightness and cleanliness of the
high-speed rotating electrode is still a key issue.

Preparation of spherical titanium powder by radio frequency plasma

Because plasma has the characteristics of high temperature, high enthalpy,
high chemical reaction activity, and controllability of the reaction atmosphere
and reaction temperature, it has its unique advantages in the synthesis and
preparation of powder materials and the spheroidization treatment. The radio
frequency plasma spheroidization method uses the induction of radio frequency
electromagnetic field to inductively heat various gases to generate radio
frequency plasma, and uses high temperature plasma to melt non-spherical powder.
The molten powder particles are under extremely high surface tension under the
action of surface tension. Under the temperature gradient, it rapidly condenses
to form small droplets with high sphericity, thereby obtaining spherical
powder.

The advantages of the radio frequency plasma spheroidization method are that
it can increase the sphericity and better the fluidity of the powder; it can
eliminate the pores of the internal particles and increase the looseness of the
powder; it can appropriately change the particle morphology and improve the
purity of the powder. In addition, because the atmosphere in the plasma reactor
is controllable, the process is more conducive to the rapid and simple
preparation of high-purity spherical powders, and has a good industrial
prospect.

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(How to Prepare Spherical Titanium Powder)