Metal Powder Raw Material Detection Technology for Additive Manufacturing

(Metal Powder Raw Material Detection Technology for Additive Manufacturing)

The physical properties of metal powders for additive manufacturing include
loose density, tap density, fluidity, etc. If the changes in these properties
are ignored, the same process parameters and powder particle size distribution
may be completely different from the performance of the printed parts.

Metal powder physical performance testing

(1) Loose packing density

The powder falls into a cup of known volume in a loose state, and the
measured mass per unit volume is called the bulk density of the powder. The bulk
density of the powder is a comprehensive performance, which is affected by
factors such as powder size, particle size distribution, particle shape, and
intra-particle pores. Here are two more convenient methods for measuring loose
density.

Funnel method: The powder falls freely from the funnel hole at a certain
height to fill a container with a certain volume, and then the mass of the
powder in the container is measured. The measuring instrument is shown in Figure
1. This method is simple and fast, but it cannot measure powders with poor
fluidity.

SCOTT volume meter: For metal powder that cannot flow freely through the
funnel with a hole diameter of 5mm in the funnel method, the SCOTT container
method should be used. The standard GB 1479.2-2011 has a reference to the use of
such appliances (Scott volume meter See Figure 2). The powder flows through the
screen from above to the column below. The inclined baffle in the column can
fully disperse the powder and prevent powder agglomeration. The measured loose
density is more accurate. It is especially suitable for ultrafine powder, wet
powder, Magnetic powders and other powders with poor fluidity can be used for
routine production testing of metal powders for 3D printing.

Tap density

The tap density of metal powder is to pack a certain amount of powder in a
container and vibrate through a vibrating device (as shown in Figure 3) until
the volume of the powder no longer decreases. The mass of the powder is divided
by the volume after tapping to get its tap density.

Fluidity

The fluidity of the powder is the ability of the powder to fill a container
with a certain shape, and the spherical powder can improve the fluidity of the
powder to achieve the smoothness and smoothness of the high-quality powdered
cloth. Influencing factors include particle shape, particle size combination,
relative density and adhesion between particles. For example, the larger the
particle, the more regular the shape, the smaller the proportion of fine powder
in the particle size composition, the increased relative density, and the less
water and gas adsorbed by the surface area, and the better fluidity. In
addition, fluidity is also related to the bulk density of the powder. Generally
speaking, the higher the bulk density of the powder, the better the
fluidity.

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(Metal Powder Raw Material Detection Technology for Additive Manufacturing)