Properties and Uses of Boron Carbide Ceramics

(Properties and Uses of Boron Carbide Ceramics)

What is boron carbide ceramic?

Boron carbide ceramics have a hexagonal diamond lattice, and the unit cell
has 12 B atoms and 3 C atoms. Boron carbide ceramics are characterized by being
very hard, they have good thermal stability, can absorb thermal neutrons, but
have poor impact resistance and high brittleness.

Boron carbide ceramics can be molded in various ways. In order to obtain
dense B4C, hot press sintering is generally used to prepare it. The hot-pressed
sintered B4C can reach 98% of the theoretical density. It is prepared in a
vacuum hot-pressing furnace or an ordinary hot-pressing furnace. The
hot-pressing temperature is 2100℃, the pressure is 80~100MPa, and the
temperature is kept for several minutes. The pressure needs to be maintained
during cooling. . Due to the poor thermal shock resistance of B4C, the
temperature should be lowered slowly. The hot pressing temperature should not be
too high. B4C-C eutectic liquid phase will appear at 2150℃, but if the
temperature is too low, the product density will be low. Using B4C ultrafine
powder raw materials, boron carbide ceramic products with high density and
hardness can be obtained.

Properties and uses of boron carbide ceramics

A distinctive feature of boron carbide ceramics is that it is very hard. Its
microhardness is about 50000MPa (50GPa), second only to diamond (90~100GPa) and
CBN (80~90GPa), and its grinding efficiency can reach 60% of diamond ~ 70%,
which is 1 time of SiC and 1 to 2 times of the grinding ability of corundum. It
has good acid and alkali resistance and low thermal expansion coefficient (4.5x
10-6℃), so it has good thermal stability and performance. It absorbs thermal
neutrons, but has poor impact resistance and high brittleness.

Boron carbide can resist air corrosion at 1000°C, but it is easily oxidized
in an oxidizing atmosphere at higher temperatures. Boron carbide has high
resistance to acid and alkali, and it is not wetted by most molten metals, and
has a very high stability when it comes in contact with these substances.

Boron carbide powder can be directly used for grinding gems, bearings, etc.
Utilizing the high hardness of boron carbide ceramics, it can be used as
abrasives, cutting tools, nozzles for wear-resistant parts, bearings, axles,
etc. With its good thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion coefficient, and
ability to absorb thermal neutrons, it can be used to manufacture
high-temperature heat exchangers and control agents for nuclear reactors. With
its good acid and alkali resistance, it can be used to make chemical vessels,
molten metal crucibles, etc.

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(Properties and Uses of Boron Carbide Ceramics)