Superconductivity of Magnesium Diboride

(Superconductivity of Magnesium Diboride)

What is magnesium diboride?

Magnesium diboride (MgB2) is an ionic compound with a hexagonal crystal
structure. It is an intercalation type compound with alternating layers of
magnesium and boron.

Superconductivity of magnesium diboride

Among metal materials, multi-band and multi-Fermi noodles are a common
feature. When the material enters the superconducting state, the superconducting
energy gap is generally opened on the Fermi surface, so multiple energy bands
will lead to the appearance of multiple energy gaps. In many superconducting
materials, the multi-band effect will be greatly weakened due to the extremely
strong inter-band scattering. However, in some superconducting materials with
quasi-two-dimensional characteristics, multi-band and multi-gap effects will
appear due to the orthogonality of the electron motion wave functions above
different energy bands. The recently discovered iron-based superconductors also
exhibit a certain multiband effect. This is currently an important direction of
superconducting materials and physics research.

Magnesium diboride is a typical multi-band superconductor. It has two
hole-type σ bands, one hole-type π band and one electron-type π band. Due to the
special configuration of the Fermi surface (the π band is three-dimensional and
the σ band is quasi-two-dimensional), its The wave vectors of electrons in
different energy bands are in an orthogonal state, so that the inter-band
scattering is not very strong, which makes the superconductor's multi-band
characteristics outstanding. Magnetoresistance is a powerful means to detect
changes in the scattering rate of electrons in cyclotron motion, and Hall effect
can detect information such as the number of carriers. Therefore, combining
magnetoresistance and Hall effect can deduce the scattering rate of electrons in
different energy bands.

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(Superconductivity of Magnesium Diboride)