Types of Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel

(Types of Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel)

Types and definitions of corrosion

In many industrial applications, stainless steel can provide today's
satisfactory corrosion resistance. According to experience in use, in addition
to mechanical failure, the corrosion of stainless steel is mainly manifested in:
a serious form of corrosion of stainless steel is localized corrosion (ie stress
corrosion cracking, pitting corrosion, intergranular corrosion, corrosion
fatigue and crevice corrosion) .

Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC): A general term that refers to the mutual
failure of stress-bearing alloys due to the expansion of streaks in a corrosive
environment. Stress corrosion cracking has a brittle fracture morphology, but it
may also occur in materials with high toughness. The necessary condition for
stress corrosion cracking is the existence of tensile stress (whether it is
residual stress or applied stress, or both) and a specific corrosive medium. The
formation and expansion of the pattern is roughly perpendicular to the direction
of tensile stress. This stress value that causes stress corrosion cracking is
much smaller than the stress value required for material fracture when there is
no corrosive medium. Microscopically, the cracks passing through the grains are
called transgranular cracks, and the cracks extending along the grain boundary
are called intergranular cracks. When the stress corrosion cracking extends to a
certain depth (here, the cross-section of the material under load When the
stress reaches its breaking stress in the air), the material will be broken
according to normal cracks (in ductile materials, usually through the
aggregation of microscopic defects).

Corrosion resistance of various stainless steels

304: It is a universal stainless steel, which is widely used to make
equipment and parts that require good comprehensive performance (corrosion
resistance and formability).

304L: It is a variant of 304 stainless steel with lower carbon content, used
in occasions where welding is required. The lower carbon content minimizes the
precipitation of carbides in the heat-affected zone near the weld, and the
precipitation of carbides may cause stainless steel to produce intergranular
corrosion (welding erosion) in certain environments.

316 and 317: Type stainless steel contains aluminum, so its resistance to
pitting corrosion in marine and chemical industrial environments is much better
than that of 304 stainless steel. Among them, the 316 stainless steel variants
include low-carbon stainless steel 316L, nitrogen-containing high-strength
stainless steel 316N, and free-cutting stainless steel 316F with higher sulfur
content.

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(Types of Corrosion and Corrosion Resistance of Stainless Steel)