What are the Production Processes from Titanium to Titanium Powder

(What are the Production Processes from Titanium to Titanium Powder)

Titanium is the "king" in the manufacturing industry. Because titanium metal
is not only strong and tough, but also has good biocompatibility and corrosion
resistance, it is very suitable for the manufacture of aerospace parts and
medical implants.

However, due to the complex processing and production of titanium and
titanium alloy products and the low yield rate, a large amount of titanium scrap
will be generated in the process of manufacturing parts, and the manufacturing
cost is high, making it difficult to be widely promoted and applied. Because of
its good processing performance, titanium powder has greatly improved the
forming technology of parts, increased the utilization rate of materials, and
reduced the production cost. In recent years, it has been vigorously developed
and has a broad market application prospect.

The nature of titanium powder

Physical properties: Titanium powder is dark gray amorphous powder, insoluble
in water and organic solvents at room temperature. It is a non-magnetic metal,
it will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field, and it is non-toxic and
tasteless.

Chemical properties: It does not react with water, dilute sulfuric acid,
dilute hydrochloric acid and nitric acid at room temperature, but can be
corroded by hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, and molten alkali; titanium can
be dissolved in hot hydrochloric acid and hot sulfuric acid, and also soluble in
hydrofluoric acid Or in a mixture of hydrofluoric acid and hydrochloric acid
(sulfuric acid); titanium powder will increase the content of nitrogen,
hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon in the atmosphere, and mixing with strong oxides
can cause an explosion.

There are four main methods for industrial production of titanium powder:

Titanium metal is very active and easily reacts with other elements or
compounds, causing oxidation, combustion, and explosion, making it very
difficult to produce titanium powder with high purity and low oxygen content. In
the production process, its purity and performance are largely determined by the
preparation method and its process conditions.

1. Hydrodehydrogenation method

Because titanium sponge with higher purity is relatively soft at room
temperature and pressure, and has greater toughness, it is difficult to
mechanically crush it directly to make finer titanium powder, and titanium will
become brittle and easily broken after hydrogen absorption. Therefore, the
United States, Germany, Japan and other countries have developed a process for
preparing pure titanium powder by hydrogenation and dehydrogenation by taking
advantage of the characteristics of titanium that can quickly absorb a large
amount of hydrogen and become brittle at a certain temperature.

Titanium powder and its alloy powders with good quality and fine particle
size can be obtained through the hydrogenation dehydrogenation process.
Therefore, the hydrogenation dehydrogenation method is mostly used in the fields
with higher product performance requirements and lower production costs.

2. Metal reduction method

This kind of powder has large output, low price, good powder plasticity,
suitable for cold forming, and is the main raw material for the production of
general corrosion resistant products.

3. Centrifugal atomization method

The centrifugal atomization method to prepare titanium powder essentially
uses the centrifugal force generated by the rotation to spin out the molten
titanium, so as to obtain high-purity spherical titanium powder, and the powder
density can be adjusted by the rotation speed of the rotating electrode. The
titanium produced by the rotating electrode method Powder as a raw material can
produce titanium alloy parts with high relative density and good mechanical
properties, but the cost of titanium powder produced by this method is high, so
it can generally only be used in the aerospace field.

4. Mechanical crushing method

The mechanical pulverization method mainly relies on crushing, crushing and
grinding to mechanically pulverize bulk metal into powder.

The titanium sponge prepared by the method of sodium reduction is pulverized
by a ball mill to obtain irregular titanium powder with a chlorine content and
an oxygen content of about 2%, and the particle size is relatively coarse.
However, the titanium sponge prepared by magnesium reduction is mostly large
titanium lumps, which can only be coarsely crushed, and it is difficult to
obtain titanium powder by directly crushing it mechanically.

5. Gas atomization method

The gas atomization method uses high-speed airflow to break up the molten
metal stream, which can be dispersed only by overcoming the bonding force
between liquid metal atoms, while mechanical pulverization uses mechanical
action to break the bond between solid metal atoms. Therefore, the external
force required for atomizing powder is much smaller than that of mechanical
pulverization, and the energy consumption is relatively small. It is an
energy-saving and economical powder production method.

With the maturity and development of powder preparation technology,
hydrogenation dehydrogenation and atomization production methods have become the
main application technologies in the titanium powder production industry.

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(What are the Production Processes from Titanium to Titanium Powder)