3D printing technology is a process of converting digital models into entities and is divided into various types, such as fused deposition modeling, stereolithography, and digital light processing. Each type of printer has its advantages and limitations, and factors such as materials, cost, speed, accuracy, and post-processing need to be considered when choosing. 3D printing plays an important role in industrial design, medical care, education and other fields.
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM):
FDM printers are among the most common 3D printers. They build objects by heating the plastic filament to its melting point and depositing it layer by layer. This type of printer is relatively low-cost and suitable for beginners and educational institutions.
Stereolithography (SLA):
SLA printers use ultraviolet lasers to solidify liquid resin to build objects layer by layer. SLA-printed models have smooth surfaces and precise details but are more expensive and require chemical post-processing.
Digital Light Processing (DLP):
DLP printers are similar to SLA but use a digital projector to solidify the resin. They can solidify the entire layer at once, so the printing speed is faster.
Selective Laser Sintering (SLS):
SLS printers use a laser to sinter powdered material, usually nylon or metal powder. SLS does not require support structures and can print complex internal structures.
Multi-jet deposition (PolyJet):
PolyJet technology combines material jetting and light curing. It can use different materials in the same model and is capable of printing very fine details and smooth surfaces.
Binder Jetting:
This printer binds powdered materials by spraying a binder. It is suitable for full-color printing and the mixing of multiple materials, but the mechanical strength of the finished product usually could be better than other types of printing.
Material Extrusion:
In addition to FDM, there are other forms of material extrusion technology, such as cold extrusion (Cold Extrusion). These techniques use different materials and curing methods.
Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS):
DMLS is a variant of SLS that uses metal powder and is primarily used for printing metal parts. It is suitable for industrial-grade rapid prototyping and small-batch production.
Selective Heat Sintering (SHS):
SHS is an emerging 3D printing technology that uses heated rollers to sinter powdered materials instead of lasers. This approach can increase printing speed and reduce costs.
Continuous Liquid Interface Production (CLIP):
CLIP is a technology that uses special resin and light sources to print objects in a continuous liquid interface, greatly improving printing speed.
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